This is an extremely versatile dog, once known as "the little buffalo dog", used by Native Americans to guard their homes, animals, and villages from rival raiding parties. They tracked game, herded buffalo, helped pack meat back to camp, pulled sledges, babysat and entertained children, kept their masters warm during harsh winters, and also dove under water, herding fish into nets. Not only were they eaten in times of famine, they were also sacrificed during spiritual ceremonies; the ultimate honor was to be buried with a high shaman or chief.

The American Indian Dog is a medium-sized dog with a natural appearance. His coat is harsh and straight, with a thick undercoat, and waterproof, black-tipped guard hairs. The coat may be any color, ranging from black, white, silver, and gray to golden red, fawn and cream, There may be a combination of colors that naturally merge together. There are no splotchy, spotted or heavy lines separating light or dark colors. The bushy tail hangs down like a ponytail, and is held straight out while running. The American Indian Dog has amber or grey-colored eyes, although occasionally a blue-eyed dog is born. These blue-eyed dogs were considered sacred by the Native Americans. This is a fastidious dog, with the clean habits of a cat.

The American Indian Dog is inquisitive, intelligent, alert and devoted, although he is naturally wary of strangers. Although not aggressive, he has a strong protective instinct, and shows great affection and possessiveness towards his owner. This dog forms a very strong bond with his master and will not tolerate a change in ownership at all well. Known as the "Song Dog", the American Indian Dog is very communicative, with a high-pitched "talking" voice. His body language is quite expressive. 

All dogs should be well socialized from an early age and trained so that they develop good manners. As a highly intelligent dog, the American Indian dog can learn anything you can teach him! He is very agile and has been known to climb trees. He will instinctively stay one step ahead of you!